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Political Developments in the Early Republic
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1. What type of government did the Federalist’s favor?
a. A small government
b. Lots of power to the states
c. Strong federal government
d. None of the above

e. In the election of 1800, who became the third president?
a. Alexander Hamilton
b. John Adams
c. George Washington
d. Thomas Jefferson
e. Aaron Burr

2. What Act made it a crime to say anything bad about the government or president?
a. Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
b. Alien Act
c. Sedition Act
d. Electoral College
e. None of the above

3. Who was leader of the Federalist Party and Treasury Secretary?
a. Thomas Jefferson
b. George Washington
c. Alexander Hamilton
d. John Adams
e. None of the above

4. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence and was leader of the Republican Party?
a. Benjamin Franklin
b. Alexander Hamilton
c. George Washington
d. Thomas Jefferson
e. None of the above

5. The Republicans favored
a. a strong national government run by wealthy, educated aristocrats
b. a small national government run by the common man
c. French Revolution
d. All of the above
e. “b” and “c”


6. The executive branch of government included
a. Department of State
b. Department of War
c. Treasury Department
d. All of the above
e. None of the above

7. Why did they impose the alien and sedition acts?
a. To stop immigrants from voting republican
b. To Help Thomas Jefferson win the election
c. To discourage immigrants from coming
d. To stop Aliens from taking over the world

.

8. During the French revolution, what type of government did the French abolish
a. Democracy
b. Republic
c. Monarchy
d. None of the above

9. Who supported the French Revolution?
a. Britain
b. Thomas Jefferson and Republicans
c. Alexander Hamilton and Federalists
d. “a” and “c”
e. none of the above

10. Which Act made it harder for an immigrant to become a citizen with the right to vote?
a. Kentucky Resolution
b. Sedition Act
c. Alien Act
d. Virginia Resolution
e. None of the above

11. Why was the election of 1800 a victory for the new nation?
a. John Adams lost
b. Power was transferred from one party to another without violence or civil war.
c. There was a tie and this made people excited about voting.
d. Thomas Jefferson was the best candidate.
e.




12. Thomas Jefferson supported the French Revolution because
a. This was a war between common men against rich nobility
b. He liked the French.
c. He loved anything that Alexander Hamilton hated.
d. “b” and “c”

13. Why did the government impose taxes on whiskey?
a. The government wanted to discourage drinking.
b. Imposing taxes was a way to raise money so that the government could pay its war debts from the American Revolution.
c. The government wanted to discourage farmers from growing crops that went into making whiskey.
d. “a” and “c”

14. Who was the only president in history who personally led troops into battle?
a. George W. Bush
b. George Washington
c. Thomas Jefferson
d. John Adams

Lesson Plan

Political Developments in the Early Republic
By Maya, Zoe, Kira, and Lexus

1 Lesson Plan Title Problems in new republics
2 Concept/Topic To Teach
Setting up the executive branch
Whiskey rebellion
French Revolution
Federalist Party
Republican Party
Alien and Sedition Acts
Virginia and Kentucky resolutions
Election of 1800

3 Essential Question of Lesson How do the struggles of the early republic effect us today?
4 Connection Quick-Write:
Look at pictures of Hilary Clinton, Barak Obama, John McCain, George W. Bush Can you tell what political party these people are from?
What do you know about the different political parties? Which do you support? Do you think they had political parties in 1800?
Discuss answers with the class
5 Direct Teaching Tell briefly about each event or person.
Take notes on each event, in the organizer.
Zoe- Thomas Jefferson, French revolution, Republican Party.
Kira-Whiskey Rebellion, Alexander Hamilton, Federalist Party.
Maya- Alien and Sedition Acts, Election of 1800.
Lexus- Setting up the executive branch, Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions.
6 Step-By Step Explanation Students will use their notes to create the skits.
Students will be given strips of paper with an event on it. They have to act the event out , to the class and the group that gets it wins a point. The group wins the most points wins the prize.
Criteria
Use the vocab word
Everybody has to participate
Other groups must wait until the skit is finished
Cannot use the actual word.
7 Student-Centered Activity Acting Game

8 Assessment We will answer questions while they are making up their skits.
9 Closure Present skits, give out the prize to the winning group.

Thomas Jefferson, Hero or Hypocrite?

An article concerning the controversy surrounding Thomas Jefferson's life.

When Thomas Jefferson submitted his draft of the Declaration of Independence to the Continental Congress about ¼ of the document was cut and what was left stands today as the Declaration of Independence. Within in the pieces the congress had cut was a paragraph vehemently opposing slavery, the owning of human life. Yet Jefferson’s own mansion was ran by slaves, and on death he only freed five of his two hundred slaves.
You would think that someone with such a strong opinion against slavery would try to spearhead a movement against slavery, yet Jefferson did nothing except say that he was opposed to slavery. He owned and bred slaves, yet maintained a strong opinion against slavery, saying in the Declaration of Independence that “We hold these truths to be self-evident,—that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.” Despite this he only allowed five of his slaves their natural rights, life liberty, and the pursuit of happiness when out of two hundred slaves he freed only five.
It is hard to find a reason for his attitude towards slavery, maybe he was trying to inspire others to release their slaves first then he would release his. This doesn’t explain how he only released five slaves on death. It seems if he were trying to inspire others to free their slaves he could have set an example by releasing his own.
Thomas Jefferson had many good qualities, which is why today he remembered as a good president. His political party the Republicans greatly represented the Democrats today. He favored a smaller government system giving power to the people. He greatly admired the French revolution, which was very similar to the American Revolution. When the revolution turned bloody and the French started to ruthlessly execute supposed anti revolutionists, most Americans began to oppose the revolution. Jefferson however never seemed, to be affected but his and kept supporting the revolution. Hamilton used this against Jefferson, to raise the opinion of his party.
As president Thomas Jefferson secretly asked congress for funds to send Lewis and Clark on an expedition to the west to establish trade with the Indians. This opened up a huge amount of opportunities for Americans, and led eventually to the Louisiana Purchase.
The Louisiana Purchase was probably one of his acts as president most controversial to Jefferson himself. He often disagreed with Alexander Hamilton on the interpretation of the constitution; he favored a very strict interpretation of the constitution, while Hamilton thought the constitution could be interpreted loosely using the elastic clause. However when Thomas Jefferson decided to buy the Louisiana, territory he had to use the elastic clause since the power to gain land was not given to the federal government in the constitution. This however benefited the states greatly and increased the size of the United States by two million square kilometers.
Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton-
Alexander Hamilton was Thomas Jefferson’s political rival he headed the Federalist Party. The federalists greatly opposed a small government system, and frequently used the elastic clause to create laws against the republicans. He introduced the Alien and Sedition acts which made it very hard for immigrants or (Aliens) to vote, since the usually voted Republican. In Hamilton’s ideal government, the power would go the wealthy and the educated since he thought they were the only people informed enough to make government decisions. Jefferson is one of the main reasons we enjoy the democratic government we have today, since if Hamilton had been able to become president we would probably have a very different system.
Despite his hypocritical attitude towards slavery, you cannot say that Jefferson was a bad president. He kept the United States out of the Napoleonic wars, which would have engaged our country in a sixteen year war, and he added 1 million twenty five thousand square miles to our territory.


Bibliography-
Unknown Author. "Writing the Declaration of Independence, 1776. 1999. April 6, 2008 < http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/jefferson.htm>

Cody, David. “French Revolution.” Created in 1987, last updated on August 10, 2007. April 6, 2008 http://www.victorianweb.org/history/hist7.html

M.S. Staum. “Napoleonic Wars Timeline.” Unknown Date. April 6, 2008
< http://www.acs.ucalgary.ca/~mstaum/hist329/napwars1.html>

Kelly, Martin. “Jefferson and the Louisiana Purchase.” Unknown Date. April 6, 2008.
< http://americanhistory.about.com/od/thomasjefferson/a/tj_lapurchase.htm>

Unknown Author. “Louisiana Purchase.” 1994. April 6, 2008.
< http://www.gatewayno.com/history/LaPurchase.html>

Dunn, Susan. “Doubting Thomas.” March 6, 2005. April 6, 2008.
< http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A5627-2005Mar3.html>

Summary

George Washington had his inauguration on April 30, 1789. He became the first president of the United States. Soon after Congress started to debate about what they should call the president. John Adams, the vice president, thought they should call him something like “Your Excellency” as a symbol of respect. Others argued that it was too much like royalty. It was not good for their new democracy because it would be too much like a monarchy. Washington finally ended debate by saying he would like to be called “Mr. President.” Next, they started setting up the executive branch. They had an argument on what departments they were going to have and which powers they should possess. They picked the Department of State, the Department of War, and the Department of Treasury. The Department of State handled the relations with the other counties. The Department of War had the power to defend the nation. The Department of treasury dealt with the nation's finances. Now they had to deal with the problems with their government. The biggest problem was that they had no money to start their new government. To gain money, they put taxes on whiskey and other “luxury” goods. The tax was too expensive so the farmers rebelled. In 1793, Congress lowered taxes. Some people in western Pennsylvania still rebelled and Washington led militia to crush the rebels. This ended the rebellion.

In 1789, the French Revolution began. The French became a republic and were rebelling against their king. The leaders of the French Revolution wanted “liberty, equality, and fraternity.” The Americans that were for the French Revolution were known as the Democratic-Republicans or Republicans. Their were 20,000 deaths caused be the revolution. Hamilton and the Federalists were appalled at the number of people killed and Hamilton warned America that this might be our future.

In 1792, Washington started his second term in office. Close to the end of his term, he announced that he wasn't going to run again. Before leaving office, he wrote a farewell address. In this he wrote what bound all Americans together. He also wrote about two threats we had to the nation. One was problems we had with other countries, and the other was the “spirit of the party.” He didn't want everyone to get too loyal to their parties because it could tear the nation apart.

Alexander Hamilton was the head of the Federalists. He was first discovered by Washington during the Revolutionary War and became his personal assistant. Later in his life he became a delegate for New York in Congress and went to the Constitutional Convention. Hamilton thought humans were selfish and only did things for personal gain, federalists agreed. They did not want to give the people much power. They thought the government should be ruled by the “best people,” which they considered as educated, wealthy, and public-spirited men. The federalists wanted a strong national government, the state's rights were not as important to them. Hamilton wanted to expand the economy and increase its wealth by using the federal government to promote trade, businesses, and agriculture. Before he could do that, Hamilton had to think of a plan to pay off debts owed to the states and Congress from the Revolutionary War. He presented a plan in 1790. A lot of people opposed this plan. It was mostly southern states because a lot of them had already paid off their war debts. To get the South’s support Hamilton promised the capital would be in the South. The plan was passed. Next, Hamilton wanted to establish a national bank for printing money, collecting taxes, making loans, and given the nation its own currency. Although others argued against this saying that Congress didn’t have the power to establish a bank, Congress still approved it. This bank helped the economy grow and prosper. When the French Revolution started Hamilton hoped it would lead to an “establishment of free and good government.” Then in 1793 a war started between France and England. The Federalists supported England and Hamilton hoped that America would be a powerful and respected nation like England.

Thomas Jefferson was born in Virginia and became a tobacco planter. Later in his life, he became a politician. He thought that humans were citizens who could make good decisions for the country and themselves. He thought our government should be a democracy with a small, weak national government. He thought America should have more power for the people by getting a stronger state government. He also thought our economy should stay centered around agriculture. To him and other Republicans, a national bank was unconstitutional and anti-farmer because they would not give loans to farmers for buying land. During the French Revolution Republicans supported France for trying to get freedom from Britain.

In 1793, Edmond Genet came to the U.S. as an official representative of the French government. His job was to convince Americans to join the French Revolution against Britain. The Republicans welcomed him as a hero. On his journey, he became disrespectful to George Washington and made speeches attacking Washington. Washington’s cabinet decided to have him removed and Secretary of State Jefferson asked the government in France to recall him.

In 1796, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson ran for president. Federalists supported Adams and Republicans supported Jefferson. Adams won the election and became president. Jefferson became vice president. Soon after Adams became president, the Federalists passed Alien and Sedition Acts. These four new laws made it hard for Republicans to win. Three of the laws were aimed at aliens and made it harder for them to vote. The aliens usually voted for the Republicans. The one other law was the Sedition Act, which made rebellion a crime. This meant “printing, writing, or speaking in a hateful way against the government” was illegal. This punished Republican newspapers because they enjoyed insulting Adams. Jefferson and Madison made a set of resolutions saying the Alien and Sedition Acts were against the Constitution. Only Virginia and Kentucky approved the resolutions and they became known as the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions. Since no other states approved, the protest died.

In 1800, the federal government moved to D.C. and it became the nation’s new capital. The move to D.C. was during the election of 1800. Republicans wanted Jefferson to become president and wanted a New York politician named Aaron Burr to run for vice president. Federalists wanted Adams to run for president again and Charles Pinckney to run for vice president. Jefferson promised a “frugal and simple” government. Adams wanted peace and prosperity. Their campaigns became based on insults. Republicans called Adams a tyrant and said he wanted a monarchy. Federalists called Jefferson a “howling atheist” and said he was going to “destroy religion, introduce immorality, and loosen bonds of all society. Federalists became divided in this election. Although some federalists wanted Adams to win, Hamilton and his followers didn’t support Adams because of their disagreements about the president’s foreign policy. Hamilton wanted Pinckney to win because he was more likely to value Hamilton’s advice. In 1801, there was a tie between Jefferson and Burr. Then the election was sent to the House of Representatives. They voted and Jefferson won the election.

In 1804, the 12th amendment was created. This made it so that the Electoral College has to make separate ballots for the president and vice president. If there is a tie, the House of Representatives choose from the top three candidates. If no one wins for vice president, the Senate chooses the vice president.

Jefferson and the Republicans won the election of 1800. This established a new system of government. “The Revolution of 1800” was made without war or physical violence. It showed Americans that we could have a peaceful revolution.

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